Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Vs. Sleeve Gastrectomy: Balancing the Risks of Surgery with the Benefits of Weight Loss

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to compare weight loss, metabolic parameters, and postoperative complications in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). METHODS We retrospectively studied 30-day postoperative complications as well as change in weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1C, and creatinine from baseline to 2, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively in 383 patients undergoing GB and 336 patients undergoing SG at the University of Michigan from January 2008 to November 2013. For a study population which typically has high attrition rates, there were excellent follow-up rates (706/719 at 2 months, 566/719 at 6 months, 519/719 at 12 months, and 382/719 at 24 months). RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups except for higher weight and BMI in the SG group. The GB group experienced greater total body weight loss at 6, 12, and 24 months (41.9 vs. 34.6 kg at 24 months, p < 0.0001). Excess weight loss was 69.7 and 51.7 % following GB and SG respectively at 24 months (p < 0.0001). BP improved significantly in both groups. Surgical complication rates were greater after GB (10.1 vs. 3.5 %, p = 0.0007) with no significant difference in life-threatening or potentially life-threatening complications. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss was greater following GB compared to SG at 2 years. The risk for surgical complications was greater following GB. Surgical intervention should be tailored to surgical risk, comorbidities, and desired weight loss.